In 1820, two of Ohio’s leading early mapmakers, Alexander Bourne and John Kilbourne, combined their considerable talents to produce this scarce work. The map appeared as a fold-out to accompany Caleb Atwater’s article ‘Description of the Antiquities Discovered in the State of Ohio and Other Western States,’ published in Archaeologia Americana, Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society, Volume I, 1820. Bourne and Kilbourne’s map showed 70 counties, detailing the major roads and most important settlements in each county. Rumsey calls it “An excellent, very early map showing the absorption of Indian land in the northwest for settlement.” Of particular importance were the clear topographical features, including the Black Swamp in northwestern Ohio and the ‘Unbroken Sandstone Region’ in the southeast. “This particular map is also important in the story of the mapping of Ohio because it appeared in Atwater’s classic description of the western antiquities, which was the first systematic study of the prehistoric Indians in North America, and because it was the result of the combined efforts of two of Ohio’s leading early nineteenth-century map makers” — Smith. Alexander Bourne was a surveyor and civil engineer who was on the Ohio Canal Commission. He is responsible for a number of important early maps of the state, including the ambitious large-scale 1815 map he made with Benjamin Hough, which was the first map of Ohio to show all the actual surveys within the inhabited part of the state. John Kilbourne played an important role in the settlement of Ohio by producing its first Gazetteer in 1816, a vastly successful work which he continued to issue until his death in 1831. Intense demand for the gazetteer went hand in hand with the fact that Ohio had one of the fastest settlement rates in the nation, more than doubling in population in the decade from 1810 to 1820 alone. Rumsey no. 86; Ristow p. 146; Smith, plate XV, pp. 167-168.